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Time to failure for concrete exposed to severe sulfate attack

Auteur(s) / Author(s)

MONTEIRO Paulo J. M. ⁽¹⁾ ; KURTIS Kimberly E. ⁽²⁾ ;

Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)

⁽¹⁾ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 725 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, ETATS-UNIS
⁽²⁾ School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, ETATS-UNIS

Résumé / Abstract

In the 1940s, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) began a long-term, nonaccelerated laboratory test program to determine the influence of a variety of concrete-mix parameters on resistance to severe sulfate exposure conditions. This paper reports the time of failure of these samples as influenced by their water-to-cement (w/c) ratio, cement composition, and percent replacement of cement with fly ash. The analysis indicates that there is a safe zone for concrete made with w/c ratio lower than 0.45 and cement with unhydrated tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) content lower than 8% where failure did not occur within the 40-year exposure period. As expected, concrete samples cast with high amount of C₃A failed after a relatively short time of sulfate exposure. Expansion tests indicated that cements containing high amounts of C₃S may lead to premature failure of concrete, even when moderate w/c ratios are used. Samples prepared with 25% and 45% replacement of cement with fly ash showed significantly less expansion than comparable mixtures containing no pozzolans.

Revue / Journal Title

Cement and concrete research   ISSN 0008-8846   CODEN CCNRAI 

Source / Source

2003, vol. 33, n^o7, pp. 987-993 [7 page(s) (article)] (9 ref.)

 English Keywords

Volume expansion ; C3A phase ; C3S phase ; Water cement ratio ; Fracture mechanics ; Sulfates ; Chemical etching ; Durability ; Concrete ;

Author Keywords

Durability ; Sulfate attack ; Ca3Al2O6 ; Ca3SiO5 ; Pozzolan ;

Localisation / Location

INIST-CNRS,

INIST : 15266, 35400011836294.0070

Role of Alkalis and Sulfates of Portland Cement on Durability of Florida Structures

FINAL REPORT

Prepared For Florida Department of Transportation

February 2008

PREPARED BY : Dr. Abla M. Zayed, Ph.D.

zayed@eng.usf.edu

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of SouthFlorida

4202 E Fowler Avenue

Tampa, FL33620

Final Report: December 2004- February 2008

15. Supplementary Notes

Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration